Dra. Camila Corvalán

@article{nokeyf,

title = {Poor compliance with school food environment guidelines in elementary schools in Northwest Mexico: a cross-sectional study.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0259720},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {PLoS One.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Hugues Y, Díaz-Zavala RG, Quizán-Plata T, Haby MM. 

 

- Cómo citar: Hugues Y, Díaz-Zavala RG, Quizán-Plata T, Haby MM. Poor compliance with school food environment guidelines in elementary schools in Northwest Mexico: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2021;16(11): e0259720. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259720. PMID: 34762702. PMCID: PMC8584694. ISSN: 1932-6203. IF [JCR]: 3.240. Q2 

 

- Resumen: Background: In Mexico, 35.5% of school-age children were overweight or obese in 2018. The school food environment is important because children spend a significant part of their time at school and consume one-third to one-half of their daily meals there. In 2014, a Federal Government guideline for the sale and distribution of food and beverages in Mexican schools was published (the AGREEMENT) but the extent of its implementation is not known. 

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in a representative, random sample of elementary schools, using the tools of the INFORMAS network. Data collection included: a) an interview with a school authority; b) a checklist of items available in the school canteen; c) a checklist of the school breakfast menu; and d) an evaluation of the physical environment. The main indicators were: percentage of implementation (self-report) of the AGREEMENT and percentage of compliance (researcher verified) with the AGREEMENT (based on tools b and c). 

Results: 119 schools participated (response rate 87.5%), with 15.1% (95%CI 9.2–22.8) of the schools reporting having fully implemented the AGREEMENT. However, only 1% (95%CI 0–5.3) of the school canteens and 71.4% (95%CI 57.8–82.7) of the school breakfast menus fully complied with the AGREEMENT. A variety of sugar-sweetened beverages and energy-dense, nutrient poor products were found in the school canteens. Further, only 43.7% of the water fountains in schools were functional and 23.4% were clean. In only 24.4% of schools had the school authorities received formal training related to the AGREEMENT and in 28.6% of schools had the parents received information about the AGREEMENT. 

Conclusion: The AGREEMENT has been poorly implemented in elementary schools in Mexico. Actions are needed to encourage and support its full implementation to improve the food environment in Mexican schools.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_78,

title = {The association between breast density and gut microbiota composition at 2 years post menarche: A cross-sectional study of adolescents in Santiago, Chile.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira},

doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2021.794610},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Yoon LS, Jacobs JP, Hoehner J, Gana JC, Michels KB. 

 

- Cómo citar: Yoon LS, Jacobs JP, Hoehner J, Gana JC, Michels KB. The association between breast density and gut microbiota composition at 2 years post menarche: A cross-sectional study of adolescents in Santiago, Chile. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2021;11:794610. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.794610. PMID: 34976871. PMCID: PMC8718921. ISSN: 2235-2988. IF [JCR]: 6.073. Q1 

 -Resumen: The gut microbiome has been linked to breast cancer via immune, inflammatory, and hormonal mechanisms. We examined the relation between adolescent breast density and gut microbial composition and function in a cohort of Chilean girls. This cross-sectional study included 218 female participants in the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study who were 2 years post-menarche. We measured absolute breast fibroglandular volume (aFGV) and derived percent FGV (%FGV) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. All participants provided a fecal sample. The gut microbiome was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing of the V3-V4 hypervariable region. We examined alpha diversity and beta diversity across terciles of %FGV and aFGV. We used MaAsLin2 for multivariable general linear modeling to assess differential taxa and predicted metabolic pathway abundance (MetaCyc) between %FGV and aFGV terciles. All models were adjusted for potential confounding variables and corrected for multiple comparisons. The mean %FGV and aFGV was 49.5% and 217.0 cm3, respectively, among study participants. Similar median alpha diversity levels were found across %FGV and aFGV terciles when measured by the Shannon diversity index (%FGV T1: 4.0, T2: 3.9, T3: 4.1; aFGV T1: 4.0, T2: 4.0, T3: 4.1). %FGV was associated with differences in beta diversity (R2 = 0.012},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_86,

title = {Total and central adiposity are associated with age at gonadarche and incidence of precocious gonadarche in boys.},

author = {Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgab064},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Busch AS, Solares F, Baier I, Mericq V. 

 

- Cómo citar: Busch AS, Solares F, Baier I, Mericq V. Total and central adiposity are associated with age at gonadarche and incidence of precocious gonadarche in boys. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2021;106(5):1352-1361. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab064. PMID: 33539513. ISSN:0021-972X. IF [JCR]: 6.134. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Context: A close link between body mass index (BMI) and female pubertal onset is well established. However, observations in boys remain inconclusive. 

Objective: We aim to determine whether BMI as well as total and central adiposity in prepubertal Chilean boys is associated with pubertal timing. 

Methods: We performed a longitudinal study in which 494 boys from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study were followed starting from birth and throughout puberty, including 5 prepubertal visits. The main outcome measures included anthropometric data and semi-annual clinical pubertal staging. The association between BMI, obesity (BMI standard deviation score [SDS] ≥ 2) and central adiposity (waist circumference ≥ 90th centile) with precocious puberty and age at gonadarche was analyzed using survival- and logistic regression models. 

Results: BMI, prevalence of total obesity, and central obesity increased throughout childhood. Among the study population, 45 boys entered puberty before the age of 9 years (9.1%). Obesity at 4 to 7 years and childhood mean BMI SDS were significantly associated with precocious gonadarche. Mean age at testicular enlargement (≥4 mL), was 11.0 years (95% CI, 10.9-11.1) and was inversely associated with BMI SDS, waist circumference, and percentage fat mass in almost all prepubertal visits. Age at testicular enlargement in normal weight, overweight, and obese boys was 11.2 (11.0-11.3), 10.9 (10.6-11.1) and 10.7 (10.4-11.1) years, respectively. 

Conclusion: Our observation supports the association of BMI SDS and obesity with pubertal timing and precocious gonadarche in boys, respectively. Early intervention controlling the obesity epidemic could be useful in decreasing detrimental impact on later health.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_87,

title = {Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultraprocessed food consumption and promote healthier eating globally.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00078-4},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Popkin BM, Barquera S, Hofman KJ, Monteiro C, Ng SW, Swart EC, Taillie LS. 

 

- Cómo citar: Popkin BM, Barquera S, Hofman KJ, Monteiro C, Ng SW, Swart EC, Taillie LS. Towards unified and impactful policies to reduce ultraprocessed food consumption and promote healthier eating globally. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;Jul;9(7):462-470. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00078-4. PMID: 33865500. ISSN: 2213-8587. IF [JCR]: 44.867. Q1 

 

-Resumen: The global surges in obesity and nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have created a need for decisive new food policy initiatives. A major concern has been the impact of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and ultra-processed drinks on weight gain and on the risk of several NCDs. These foods, generally high in calories, added sugar, sodium, and unhealthy fats, and poor in fibre, protein, and micronutrients, have extensive negative effects on human health and on the environment (due to their associated carbon emission and water use). There is a growing tendency worldwide, and especially in South America, for food companies to add micronutrients to UPFs to make health claims regarding these products, to which food-regulating authorities refer to fake foods. Although more than 45 countries and smaller subregional or urban entities have created taxes on ultra-processed drinks, such as sugar-sweetened beverages, only a few have adopted taxes on snacks and other UPFs, and none have added major subsidies for truly healthy, fresh or minimally processed food for people from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Another major focus has been on developing effective package labelling. A smaller number of countries have selected the most impactful warning labels and linked them with other measures to create a mutually reinforcing set of policies; a few other countries have developed effective school food policies. We herein present in-depth results from key countries involved in all these actions and in comprehensive marketing controls, and conclude with our recommendations for the future. This field is quite new; progress to date is substantial, but much more is left to learn.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyh,

title = {TV advertising and dietary intake in adolescents: a pre- and post- study of Chile's Food Marketing Policy.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1186/s12966-021-01126-7},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Jensen ML, Dillman Carpentier FR, Adair L, Popkin BM, Taillie LS. 

 

- Cómo citar: Jensen ML, Dillman Carpentier FR, Adair L, Popkin BM, Taillie LS. TV advertising and dietary intake in adolescents: a pre- and post- study of Chile's Food Marketing Policy. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2021;18(1):60. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01126-7. PMID: 33947436. ISSN:1479-5868. IF [JCR]: 6.457. Q1 

 

- Resumen: Background: The first phase of a comprehensive marketing policy was implemented in Chile in 2016. The policy 

restricted child-directed marketing of foods and beverages considered high in energy, total sugars, sodium or 

saturated fat (“high-in”). The objective of this study was to examine the role of high-in TV food advertising as a 

mediator in the association between policy implementation and consumption of high-in foods and beverages 

between 2016 and 2017. Methods: Dietary data were from 24-hour diet recalls collected in 2016 and 2017 in a cohort of 12–14 y children (n = 721). Television use was assessed concurrently and linked to analyses of food advertisements on broadcast and 

paid television to derive individual-level estimates of exposure to high-in food advertising. A multilevel mediation 

analysis examined direct and indirect effects of the policy through advertising exposure. 

Results: Following the policy implementation, high-in advertising exposure was significantly reduced (p < 0.01). 

High-in food intake decreased in adolescents with lower levels, but not higher levels, of high-in advertising at 

baseline. We did not find evidence of mediation by changes in high-in ad exposure. 

Conclusions: Adolescents’ exposure to high-in TV advertising decreased after the 2016 implementation of the 

Chilean Food Labeling and Marketing Law. However, evidence that changes in advertisement mediated dietary 

changes was not found. Further research is needed to understand how marketing changes will relate to dietary 

changes after full implementation of the law and in the long term},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_89,

title = {Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Among Chilean Preschoolers Is Associated With Diets Promoting Non-communicable Diseases.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.3389/fnut.2021.601526},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Front. Nutr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Araya C, Cediel G, Taillie L.S. 

 

- Cómo citar: Araya C, Cediel G, Taillie L.S. Ultra-Processed Food Consumption Among Chilean Preschoolers Is Associated With Diets Promoting Non-communicable Diseases. Front. Nutr. 2021;8:601526. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.601526. PMID: 33842518 PMCID: PMC8032866. ISSN: 2296-861X. IF [JCR]: 6.590. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Introduction: In adults, intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) has been linked with poor diets and adverse health outcomes. In young children, evidence is scarcer but suggests a higher dietary share of UPF. Objective: To quantify the intake of UPF and its association with the nutrient composition of the diet in a sample of preschoolers in Santiago, Chile. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of dietary data (24-h recall survey) from 960 preschoolers. Foods were categorized according to the extent and purpose of processing (NOVA classification) and participants were classified in quintiles of UPF intake. We explored the associations between UPF intake (% of the total energy) and intake of nutrients of concern for non-communicable disease development (carbohydrates, total sugars, fats, and sodium), and nutrients for promotion (proteins, polyunsaturated fats, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamins A, D, C, and B12, folate, and fiber) using multivariate regression after controlling for covariates. Results: UPF constituted 49% of the total energy intake. Preschoolers with higher intake consumed more energy, saturated and monounsaturated fats, carbohydrates, total sugars, and vitamin D, compared to preschoolers in the lowest quintile of UPF intake. In contrast, UPF intake was negatively associated with the consumption of proteins, polyunsaturated fats, fiber, zinc, vitamin A, and sodium (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In Chilean preschoolers, UPF was the primary source of energy intake. The dietary share of UPF was associated with the nutrient composition of the diet. Improving children's diet should consider not only promoting healthy food consumption but also limiting UPF consumption.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_93,

title = {Ultra-processed foods drive to unhealthy diets: evidence from Chile.},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1017/S1368980019004737},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-00-00},

urldate = {2021-00-00},

journal = {Public Health Nutr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Cediel G, Bertazzi R, Uauy R, Monteiro C. 

 

- Cómo citar: Cediel G, Bertazzi R, Uauy R, Monteiro C. Ultra-processed foods drive to unhealthy diets: evidence from Chile. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(7):1698-1707. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004737. PMID: 32338229. ISSN: 1368-9800. IF [JCR]: 4.539. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Objectives: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods and its association with the overall dietary content of nutrients related to non-communicable diseases (NCD) in the Chilean diet and to estimate the population attributable fraction of ultra-processed food consumption on the unhealthy nutrient content. 

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of dietary data collected through a national survey (2010). 

Setting: Chile. 

Participants: Chilean population aged ≥2 years (n 4920). Results: In Chile, ultra-processed foods represented 28·6 % of the total energy intake. A significant positive association was found between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods and NCD-promoting nutrients such as dietary energy density (standardised regression coefficient (β) = 0·22), content of free sugars (β = 0·45), total fats (β = 0·26), saturated fats (β = 0·19), trans fats (β = 0·09) and Na:K ratio (β = 0·04), while a significant negative association was found with the content of NCD-protective nutrients such as K (β = -0·19) and fibre (β = -0·31). The content of Na (β = 0·02) presented no significant association. Except for Na, the prevalence of inadequate intake of all nutrients (WHO recommendations) increased across quintiles of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods. With the reduction of ultra-processed foods consumption to the level seen among the 20 % lowest consumers (3·8 % (0-9·3 %) of the total energy from ultra-processed foods), the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy would be reduced in almost three-fourths for trans fats; in half for energy density (foods); in around one-third for saturated fats, energy density (beverages), free sugars and total fats; in near 20 % for fibre and Na:K ratio and in 13 % for K. 

Conclusions: In Chile, decreasing the consumption of ultra-processed foods is a potentially effective way to achieve the WHO nutrient goals for the prevention of diet-related NCD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyp,

title = {An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {PLos Med.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Smith Taillie L, Colchero A, Popkin B. 

 

- Cómo citar: Smith Taillie L, Colchero A, Popkin B. An evaluation of Chile’s Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on sugar-sweetened beverage purchases from 2015 to 2017: A before-and-after study. PLos Med. 2020;17(2):e1003015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003015. PMID: 32045424. PMCID: PMC7012389. ISSN: 1549-1277. IF [JCR]: 11.069. Q1 

 - Resumen: Background: Chile's Law of Food Labeling and Advertising, implemented in 2016, was the first national regulation to jointly mandate front-of-package warning labels, restrict child-directed marketing, and ban sales in schools of all foods and beverages containing added sugars, sodium, or saturated fats that exceed set nutrient or calorie thresholds. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of this package of policies on household beverage purchases. Method and findings: In this observational study, monthly longitudinal data on packaged beverage purchases were collected from urban-dwelling households (n = 2,383) participating in the Kantar WordPanel Chile Survey from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Beverage purchases were linked to nutritional information at the product level, reviewed by a team of nutritionists, and categorized as "high-in" or "not high-in" according to whether they contained high levels of nutrients of concern (i.e., sugars, sodium, saturated fat, or energy) according to Chilean nutrient thresholds and were thus subject to the law's warning label, marketing restriction, and school sales ban policies. The majority of high-in beverages were categorized as such because of high sugar content. We used fixed-effects models to compare the observed volume as well as calorie and sugar content of postregulation beverage purchases to a counterfactual based on preregulation trends, overall and by household-head educational attainment. Of households included in the study, 37% of household heads had low education (less than high school), 40% had medium education (graduated high school), and 23% had high education (graduated college), with the sample becoming more educated over the study period. Compared to the counterfactual, the volume of high-in beverage purchases decreased 22.8 mL/capita/day, postregulation (95% confidence interval [CI] -22.9 to -22.7; p < 0.001), or 23.7% (95% CI -23.8% to -23.7%). High-educated and low-educated households showed similar absolute reductions in high-in beverage purchases (approximately 27 mL/capita/day; p < 0.001), but for high-educated households this amounted to a larger relative decline (-28.7%, 95% CI -28.8% to -28.6%) compared to low-educated households (-21.5%, 95% CI -21.6% to -21.4%), likely because of the high-educated households' lower level of high-in beverage purchases in the preregulation period. Calories from high-in beverage purchases decreased 11.9 kcal/capita/day (95% CI -12.0 to -11.9; p < 0.001) or 27.5% (95% CI -27.6% to -27.5%). Calories purchased from beverages classified as "not high-in" increased 5.7 kcal/capita/day (95% CI 5.7-5.7; p < 0.001), or 10.8% (10.8%-10.8%). Calories from total beverage purchases decreased 7.4 kcal/capita/day (95% CI -7.4 to -7.3; p < 0.001), or 7.5% (95% CI -7.6% to -7.5%). A key limitation of this study is the inability to assess causality because of its observational nature. We also cannot determine whether observed changes in purchases are due to reformulation or consumer behavioral change, nor can we parse out the effects of the labeling, marketing, and school sales ban policies. 

Conclusions: Purchases of high-in beverages significantly declined following implementation of Chile's Law of Food Labeling and Advertising; these reductions were larger than those observed from single, standalone policies, including sugar-sweetened-beverage taxes previously implemented in Latin America. Future research should evaluate the effects of Chile's policies on purchases of high-in foods, dietary intake, and long-term purchasing changes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeym,

title = {Academically oriented activity Breaks for first-grade chilean students: Development and Pilot testing effectiveness.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and María Luisa Garmendia and Alejandra Ortega},

doi = {10.1177/1090198120912189},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Health Educ. Behav.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Kain J, Marambio P, Rojas J, Muñoz C, Leyton B. 

 - Cómo citar: Kain J, Ortega A, Marambio P, Rojas J, Muñoz C, Leyton B. Academically oriented activity Breaks for first-grade chilean students: Development and Pilot testing effectiveness. Health Educ. Behav. 2020;47(3):439-448. doi: 10.1177/1090198120912189. PMID: 32188283. ISSN: 1090-1981. IF [JCR]: 2.623. Q2 - Resumen: We developed and pilot tested the effectiveness of a physically active academic program, Active Breaks (AB), whose objective is to increase school time moderate/vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among first graders, through daily 15-minute bouts of MVPA, at the beginning of the first lesson. Initially, 240 cards including one game each were developed and tested in first-grade students from 16 schools in Santiago. Trained observers and school teachers assessed the time, ease, and feasibility of implementation for each card. Barriers and facilitators to implementation were obtained from semistructured interviews to 14 teachers (out of 16). In eight schools (n = 556 students), we compared school time MVPA (with accelerometers) at baseline and follow-up, using test of proportions. One-hundred and twenty cards (games) complied with all aspects. AB were implemented 50% of the time with a duration of 14 minutes (SD = 5). More than 90% of the time, teachers felt competent to conduct AB, and children understood the instructions and enjoyed the activity. The main facilitators included teachers liking physical activity and considering it important, support of principal and school staff, and conducting AB inside the classroom. Barriers included teacher’s workload and having to conduct AB during the first lesson. During the 4-month period of implementation, MVPA increased by 1.5 and 1.2 percentage points in boys and girls, respectively. The set of 120 cards is easy and feasible to implement. Moreover, preliminary results suggest they could be effective in increasing MVPA during school time, although studies with longer follow-ups are needed to assess the validity of these findings.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_98,

title = {Association between Indicators of Systemic Inflammation Biomarkers During Puberty with Breast Density and Onset of Menarche.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira},

doi = {10.1186/s13058-020-01338-y},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Breast Cancer Res.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Michels K, Keller K, Kim C, Santos JL, Shepherd J, Binder A. 

 

- Cómo citar: Michels K, Keller K, Kim C, Santos JL, Shepherd J, Binder A. Association between Indicators of Systemic Inflammation Biomarkers During Puberty with Breast Density and Onset of Menarche. Breast Cancer Res. 2020;22:1-14. doi: 10.1186/s13058-020-01338-y. PMCID: PMC7531086. PMID: 33004039. ISSN: 1465-5411. IF [JCR]: 8.408. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Background Systemic inflammation may play a role in shaping breast composition, one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. Pubertal development presents a critical window of breast tissue susceptibility to exogenous and endogenous factors, including pro-inflammatory markers. However, little is known about the role of systemic inflammation on adolescent breast composition and pubertal development among girls. Methods We investigated associations between circulating levels of inflammatory markers (e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), and C-reactive protein (CRP)) at Tanner stages 2 and 4 and breast composition at Tanner stage 4 in a cohort of 397 adolescent girls in Santiago, Chile (Growth and Obesity Cohort Study, 2006-2018). Multivariable linear models were used to examine the association between breast composition and each inflammatory marker, stratifying by Tanner stage at inflammatory marker measurement. Accelerated failure time models were used to evaluate the association between inflammatory markers concentrations at each Tanner stage and time to menarche. Results In age-adjusted linear regression models, a doubling of TNFR2 at Tanner 2 was associated with a 26% (95% CI 7-48%) increase in total breast volume at Tanner 4 and a 22% (95% CI 10-32%) decrease of fibroglandular volume at Tanner 4. In multivariable models further adjusted for body fatness and other covariates, these associations were attenuated to the null. The time to menarche was 3% (95% CI 1-5%) shorter among those in the highest quartile of IL-6 at Tanner 2 relative to those in the lowest quartile in fully adjusted models. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of CRP at Tanner 4, those in the highest quartile experienced 2% (95% CI 0-3%) longer time to menarche in multivariable models. Conclusions Systemic inflammation during puberty was not associated with breast volume or breast density at the conclusion of breast development among pubertal girls after adjusting for body fatness; however, these circulating inflammation biomarkers, specifically CRP and IL-6, may affect the timing of menarche onset.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_104,

title = {Changes in the amount of nutrient of packaged foods and beverages after the initial implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labelling and Advertising: A nonexperimental prospective study.},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1003220},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {PLos Med.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Smith-Taillie L, Popkin B, Kanter R, Vandevijvere S. 

 

- Cómo citar: Smith-Taillie L, Popkin B, Kanter R, Vandevijvere S. Changes in the amount of nutrient of packaged foods and beverages after the initial implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labelling and Advertising: A nonexperimental prospective study. PLos Med. 2020;17(7): e1003220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003220. PMCID: PMC7386631. PMID: 32722710. ISSN: 1549-1277. IF [JCR]: 11.613. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Background: In June 2016, the first phase of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law that mandated front-of-package warning labels and marketing restrictions for unhealthy foods and beverages was implemented. We assess foods and beverages reformulation after this initial implementation. Methods and findings: A data set with the 2015 to 2017 nutritional information was developed collecting the information at 2 time periods: preimplementation (T0: January-February 2015 or 2016; n = 4,055) and postimplementation (T1: January-February 2017; n = 3,025). Quartiles of energy and nutrients of concern (total sugars, saturated fats, and sodium, per 100 g/100 mL) and the proportion of products with energy and nutrients exceeding the cutoffs of the law (i.e., products "high in") were compared pre- and postimplementation of the law in cross-sectional samples of products with sales >1% of their specific food or beverage groups, according to the Euromonitor International Database; a longitudinal subsample (i.e., products collected in both the pre- and postimplementation periods},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_105,

title = {Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners by pre-schoolers of the food and environment Chilean cohort (FECHIC) before the implementation of the Chilean food labelling and advertising law.},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1186/s12937-020-00583-3},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Nutr. J.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Venegas-Hargous C, Smith-Taillie L, González C. 

 

- Cómo citar: Venegas-Hargous C, Smith-Taillie L, González C. Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners by pre-schoolers of the food and environment Chilean cohort (FECHIC) before the implementation of the Chilean food labelling and advertising law. Nutr. J. 2020;19, 69. doi: 10.1186/s12937-020-00583-3. PMID: 32650775. PMCID: PMC7353755. ISSN: 1475-2891. IF [JCR]: 4.344. Q3 

 

-Resumen: Background: Consumption of non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) is becoming increasingly more frequent, particularly in the context of obesity prevention policies. The aim of this study was to describe the consumption of NNS in an ongoing cohort of pre-schoolers (4-6-year-old) before the implementation of the Chilean Food Labelling and Advertising Law, identify sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics associated with their consumption, and describe the main dietary sources of each NNS sub-type. Methods: In 959 low-medium income pre-schoolers from the Food and Environment Chilean Cohort (FECHIC), dietary data from a single 24-h recall was linked to NNS content information obtained from packaged foods (n = 12,233). The prevalence of NNS consumption was estimated by food source and characterized by child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. Intakes and main dietary sources were described for the six most prevalent NNS in Chile: Sodium Cyclamate, Saccharin, Aspartame, Acesulfame Potassium, Sucralose, and Steviol glycosides. Results: Sixty-eight percent of the pre-schoolers consumed at least one source of NNS on the day of the dietary recall; most of them consumed NNS from foods and beverages (n = 532), while only 12% (n = 119) also consumed table-top sweeteners. The prevalence of NNS consumption was significantly higher among children whose mothers had a high educational level compared to children whose mothers did not complete high school (p < 0.05); however, it did not differ by any other variable studied. The highest intakes of NNS were observed for Aspartame [2.5 (1.4-3.7) mg/kg per consumer], followed by Sodium Cyclamate [1.6 (1.3-2.6) mg/kg per consumer] and Steviol glycosides [1.2 (0.2-2.1) mg/kg per consumer]. Beverages were the only food group that contributed to the intake of the six NNS studied, accounting for 22% of the overall intake of Saccharine and up to 99% of Aspartame intake. 

Conclusions: Before the implementation of the Food Labelling and Advertising Law, NNS consumption was highly prevalent among a cohort of low-middle income Chilean pre-schoolers. Continuous monitoring of NNS consumption is essential given potential food reformulation associated with the implementation of this set of obesity-prevention policies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_103,

title = {Effect of excessive gestational weight on daughters' breast density at the end of puberty onset.},

author = {María Luisa Garmendia and Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-63260-9},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Sci Rep.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: López A, Shepherd J, Michels K. 

 

- Cómo citar: López A, Shepherd J, Michels K. Effect of excessive gestational weight on daughters' breast density at the end of puberty onset. Sci Rep. 2020;10:6636. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-63260-9. PMCID: PMC7171116. PMID: 32313106. ISSN: 2045-2322. IF [JCR]: 4.996. Q1 

 -Resumen: The effect of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is related to adverse health outcomes in the offspring; however, its effect on the daughters’ breast density is unclear. We aimed to assess the association between EGWG and daughters’ breast composition (% of fibroglandular volume (%FGV) and absolute fibroglandular volume (AFGV)) at Tanner stage 4 (Tanner B4)). We included 341 girls and their mothers from an ongoing cohort of low-income Chilean girls born from 2002–2003. Maternal gestational weight gain was self-reported in 2007, and breast density by digital mammography was measured in 2010. Weight, height and breast composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were measured in daughters at Tanner B4. Logistic regression models were run to assess the association between EGWG and the 80th percentile of %FGV and AFGV. Mean gestational weight gain was 13.7 kg (SD = 6.9 kg). Women with pregestational overweight or obesity exceeded the recommended gestational weight gain (58.8% vs. 31.8%, respectively). Daughters of women who had EGWG had higher levels of AFGV (OR: 2.02; 95%CI 1.16–3.53) at Tanner B4, which could be explained by metabolic and hormonal exposure in utero. However, we did not observe an association with %FGV.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_108,

title = {Early Obesity: A Risk Factor for Fatty Liver Disease.},

author = {Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1097/MPG.0000000000002523},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Cuzmar Benítez V, Alberti G, Uauy R, García C, de Barbieri F, Santos JL, Mericq V, Villarroel L, Gana JC. 

 

- Cómo citar: Cuzmar Benítez V, Alberti G, Uauy R, García C, de Barbieri F, Santos JL, Mericq V, Villarroel L, Gana JC. Early Obesity: A Risk Factor for Fatty Liver Disease. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2020;70(1):93-98. doi: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002523. PMID: 31651803. ISSN: 0277-2116. IF [JCR]: 2.839. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as fat accumulation greater than 5% in hepatocytes, may progress to fibrosis or cirrhosis later in life. NAFLD prevalence in adolescents has increased significantly in direct relation with obesity prevalence. Fatty liver has become the most frequent indication for liver transplantation in adults. 

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify anthropometric variables during the first 10 years of life associated to the risk of developing NAFLD in adolescence. 

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study 'Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study' (GOCS) consisting of 513 children born in 2002 to 2003, with yearly anthropometric data collected over a 10-year period. The presence of intrahepatic fat in the livers of subjects 14 to 16 years of age was determined using abdominal ultrasound. In addition, elastography was performed on all participants with ultrasound evidence of NAFLD. 

Results: 9.7% of the participants presented findings compatible with NAFLD. After 2 years of age, obesity significantly and progressively increased the probability of NAFLD occurrence in adolescence. Obesity at 5 years of age was associated with the highest OR for NAFLD, reaching values of 8.91 (95% CI 3.03-16.11). Among participants with NAFLD, those with altered liver elasticity (≥7 kPa) had greater weight, BMI z-score, waist and hip circumference, and altered liver enzymes (P < 0.05). 

Conclusion: The risk of developing NAFLD in adolescence increases progressively with early obesity starting at age 2 years.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_94,

title = {Effectiveness of a normative nutrition intervention in Chilean pregnant women on maternal and neonatal outcomes: the CHiMINCs study.},

author = {María Luisa Garmendia and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1093/ajcn/nqaa185},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Am. J. Clin. Nutr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Marcela A, Casanello P, Kusanovic JP, Uauy R. 

 

- Cómo citar: Marcela A, Casanello P, Kusanovic JP, Uauy R. Effectiveness of a normative nutrition intervention in Chilean pregnant women on maternal and neonatal outcomes: the CHiMINCs study. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2020; 112(4):991-1001. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa185. PMID: 32692805. ISSN: 0002-9165. IF [JCR]: 8.475. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Background: Some nutritional interventions have shown their efficacy in reducing gestational weight gain (GWG); however, their applicability in routine care is limited. 

Objective: We assessed the effectiveness of a low-intensity and high-coverage nutritional intervention on maternal and offspring outcomes; the intervention enhanced existing nutritional health care standards and practices at the primary health care level in Chile. Methods: This study was a cluster-randomized controlled trial of 12 primary health care centers (PHCCs) from Santiago, Chile. PHCCs were randomly allocated to either nutritional intervention [intervention group (IG)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyn,

title = {Food Advertising on Television before and after a National Unhealthy Food Marketing Regulation in Chile, 2016-2017.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.2105/AJPH.2020.305658},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Am. J. Public Health.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Correa T, Reyes M, Smith Taillie, Corvalán C, Dillman Carpentier F. 

 

- Cómo citar: Correa T, Reyes M, Smith Taillie, Corvalán C, Dillman Carpentier F. Food Advertising on Television before and after a National Unhealthy Food Marketing Regulation in Chile, 2016-2017. Am. J. Public Health. 2020;110:1054-1059. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305658. PMID: 32437274. ISSN: 0090-0036. IF [JCR]: 9.308. Q1 

 

- Resumen: Objectives. To study changes in food advertising on television after Chile’s food marketing restriction was implemented in June 2016. 

Methods. Food advertisements shown between 6 am and 12 am on the 4 primary broadcast and 4 cable channels with the largest Chilean youth audiences during 2 random weeks in April and May 2016 and 2017 were analyzed for product nutrition and child-directed marketing. 

Results. The percentage of ads for foods high in energy, saturated fats, sugars, or sodium (HEFSS) decreased from 41.9% before the regulation to 14.8% after the regulation (P < .001). This decrease occurred in programs intended for children (from 49.7% to 12.7%; P < .001) as well as general audiences (from 38.5% to 15.7%; P < .001). The largest declines were seen for sodas, desserts, breakfast cereals and industrialized fruit- and vegetable-flavored drinks. Fewer HEFSS ads featured child-directed content (a decrease from 44.0% to 12.0%; P < .001), and the remaining child-directed HEFSS ads primarily aired on internationally owned cable channels. 

Conclusions. The significant postregulation decrease in the prevalence of HEFSS television ads suggests that children in Chile are now less exposed to unhealthy food advertising. However, television originating from national and international outlets should still be monitored for compliance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyk,

title = {Food industry political practices in Chile: “the economy has always been the main concern”.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1186/s12992-020-00638-4},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Global. Health.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Mialon M, Cediel G, Baeza F. 

 

- Cómo citar: Mialon M, Cediel G, Baeza F. Food industry political practices in Chile: “the economy has always been the main concern”. Global. Health. 2020;16:1-12. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00638-4. PMID: 33109216. PMCID: PMC7590241. ISSN: 1744-8603. IF [JCR]: 4.185. Q1 

 

- Resumen: Background: In the business literature, the term "corporate political activity" (CPA) refers to the political strategies undertaken by corporations to protect or expend their markets, by influencing, directly or indirectly, the policy process. There is evidence that food industry actors use such political practices, which poses a significant threat to public health. Our study objective was to identify the political practices of the food industry in Chile. 

Results: In Chile, food industry actors supported community initiatives, particularly those targeted at children and those focused on environmental sustainability. Food industry actors also funded research through prizes, scholarships, and by supporting scientific events. Food industry actors lobbied against the development and implementation of a front-of-pack nutrition labelling policy, including with support from the Ministries of Economy, Agriculture and Foreign Affairs. Food industry actors, for example, claimed that there would be unintended negative consequences for society and the economy, and that the policy would breach trade agreements. The same arguments were used against a proposed tax increase on sugar-sweetened beverages. Food industry actors stressed their crucial role in the Chilean economy and claimed to be part of the solution in the prevention and control of obesity, with a particular focus on their efforts to reformulate food products, and their support of physical activity initiatives. Interviewees noted that the political influence of the food industry is often facilitated by the neo-liberal and market-driven economy of Chile. Nevertheless, this system was questioned through social protests that started in the country during data collection. 

Conclusions: In Chile, food industry actors used numerous action- and argument-based CPA practices which may influence public health policy, research, and practice. Despite strong influence from the food industry, Chile adopted a front-of-pack nutrition labelling policy. While the country has some measures in place to manage the interactions between government officials or public health professionals, and the industry, there is still a need to develop robust mechanisms to address undue influence from corporations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_109,

title = {Nutrition Status in Adult Chilean population: economic, ethnic and sex inequalities in a post-transitional country.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Fernanda Mujica },

doi = {10.1017/S1368980019004439},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Public Health Nutr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Navarro-Rosenblatt D, López-Arana S.

 

- Cómo citar: Mujica-Coopman MF, Navarro-Rosenblatt D, López-Arana S, Corvalán C. Nutrition Status in Adult Chilean population: economic, ethnic and sex inequalities in a post-transitional country. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(S1):1-12. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019004439. PMID: 32131930. ISSN: 1368-9800. IF [JCR]: 4.539. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Objective: To assess the relationship between malnutrition, socioeconomic status (SES) and ethnicity in Chilean adult population. 

Design: Nationally representative survey (ENS) conducted in 2016-2017. Sociodemographic information, weight, height and hemoglobin (Hb) were measured (2003 ENS). Excess weight was defined as BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Undernutrition included underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2), short stature (height <1·49 m in women and <1·62 m in men) or anaemia (Hb <12 g/l). Education and household income level were used as indicators of SES; ethnicity was self-reported. We applied linear combinations of estimators to compare the prevalence of excess weight and undernutrition by SES and ethnicity. 

Setting: Chile. 

Participants: In total, 5082 adults ≥20 years (64 % women) and 1739 women ≥20 years for anaemia analyses. 

Results: Overall, >75 % of women and men had excess weight. Low SES women either by income or education had higher excess weight ((82·0 (77·1, 86·1) v. 65·0 (54·8, 74·1)) by income; (85·3 (80·6, 89·0) v. 68·2 (61·6, 74·1) %) by education) and short stature (20-49 years; 31(17·9, 48·2) v. 5·2 (2·2,11·4) by education); obesity was also more frequent among indigenous women (20-49 years; 55·8 (44·4, 66·6) v. 37·2 (32·7, 42·0) %) than non-indigenous women. In men, excess weight did not significantly differ by SES or ethnicity, but short stature concentrated in low SES (20-49 years; 47·6 (24·6, 71·6) v. 4·5 (2·1, 9·5) by education) and indigenous men (21·5 (11·9, 5·5, 11·9) v. 8·2 (5·5, 11·9)) (P < 0·05 for all). 

Conclusions: In Chile, malnutrition is disproportionately concentrated among women of low SES and indigenous origin; these inequalities should be considered when implementing prevention policies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_110,

title = {Obesity and related metabolic biomarkers and its association with serum levels of estrogen in pre-pubertal Chilean girls.},

author = {Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1080/07435800.2019.1681448},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Endocr. Res.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Mesa C, Mericq V. 

 

- Cómo citar: Mesa C, Mericq V. Obesity and related metabolic biomarkers and its association with serum levels of estrogen in pre-pubertal Chilean girls. Endocr. Res. 2020;45(2):102-110. doi: 10.1080/07435800.2019.1681448. PMID: 31668099. ISSN: 0743-5800. IF [JCR]: 2.306. Q4 

 

-Resumen: Purpose: Recent reports show that girls with higher body mass index (BMI) have an earlier puberty onset (thelarche). It has been suggested that earlier puberty is a consequence of higher levels of estrogen due to increased aromatization of androgens in adipose tissue. Thus, we aimed to assess the relation between serum levels of estrogen and excess weight (BMI ≥1SD) and central adiposity (>75th percentile for waist circumference) in prepubertal girls at age 7.Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study within the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study of 1190 low-middle income children from Santiago, Chile. We selected a random sample of 107 prepubertal girls at age 7. A trained dietitian measured weight, height and waist circumference. Additionally, a fasting blood sample was collected to measure serum levels of estradiol equivalents (via ultrasensitive recombinant cell bioassay), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and leptin.Results: Excess weight was observed in 40% of our sample; 11.2% had high central adiposity, and the mean level of estradiol equivalents was 3.6 ± 2.3 pg/ml. In the univariate and multivariate analyzes, we did not observe an association between excess weight, central adiposity and estradiol equivalent levels; however, insulin was inversely associated with the serum level of estradiol equivalents.Conclusions: Our participants had a mean level of estradiol equivalents of 3.6 pg/ml (±2.3 pg/ml) at the pre-pubertal stage. However, with the exception of insulin, we did not observe an association between estradiol equivalents and markers of adiposity and metabolic and hormonal factors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_106,

title = {Predictive anthropometric models of total and truncal body fat in chilean children.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1016/j.nut.2020.110803},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Nutrition},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Vázquez F, Gahagan S, Uauy R, Kain J. 

 

- Cómo citar: Vázquez F, Gahagan S, Uauy R, Kain J. Predictive anthropometric models of total and truncal body fat in chilean children. Nutrition. 2020;77:110803. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110803. PMID: 32442830. ISSN: 0899-9007. IF [JCR]: 4.893. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Objectives: This study aimed to develop predictive anthropometric models for total and truncal body fat in Chilean children using the following anthropometric measurements: weight, height, skinfold thickness, and circumference. 

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 669 Chilean children (12.0 y ± 1.3) in Tanner stage IV from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study. Anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were determined to calculate total and truncal body fat. Prediction models were fitted by linear regression analysis. Results: The predictive equation for log total body fat (kg) was 0.449 + 0.049 (body mass index in kg/m2) + 0.018 (triceps skinfold in mm) + 0.012 (biceps skinfold in mm) + 0.019 (brachial circumference in cm) + 0.091 (sex: 1 = boy},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_97,

title = {Reproductive hormones during pubertal transition in girls with transient Thelarche.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira},

doi = {10.1111/cen.14248},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Clin. Endocrinol.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Soto J, Busch A.S., Almstrup K, Iñiguez G, Juul A, Mericq V. 

 

- Cómo citar: Soto J, Busch A.S., Almstrup K, Iñiguez G, Juul A, Mericq V. Reproductive hormones during pubertal transition in girls with transient Thelarche. Clin. Endocrinol. 2020;93(3):296-304. doi: 10.1111/cen.14248. PMID: 32419140. ISSN: 0300-0664. IF [JCR]: 3.523. Q3 

 

-Resumen: Context: Transient thelarche (TT), that is, the appearance, regression and subsequent reappearance of breast buds, is a frequent phenomenon, but little is known about pubertal transition in these girls. 

Objective: To describe pubertal progression, growth, genotypes, reproductive hormones and growth factors in girls with TT compared to those who do not present TT (non-TT). 

Design: Retrospective analysis of a longitudinal population-based study. Patients or other participants: Girls (n = 508) of the Chilean Growth and Obesity cohort. 

Measurements: Pubertal progression, reproductive hormones, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) beta subunit/FSH receptor gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and growth. Results: Thirty-seven girls (7.3%) were presented TT. These girls entered puberty by pubarche more frequently (51%) than girls with normal progression (non-TT; n = 471; 23%},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_96,

title = {Screen time and eating during screen time: associations with dietary intake in children and adolescents.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.21203/rs.2.21352/v1},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Jenssen ML, Dillman Carpentier FR, Popkin BM, Evenson K, Adair L, Smith Taillie L. 

 

- Cómo citar: Jenssen ML, Dillman Carpentier FR, Popkin BM, Evenson K, Adair L, Smith Taillie L. Screen time and eating during screen time: associations with dietary intake in children and adolescents. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2020;Preprint. doi: 10.21203/rs.2.21352/v1. N/A ISSN:1479-5868. IF [JCR]: 8.925. Q1 

 -Resumen: Background: Increased TV viewing is associated with overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. Excess weight gain might be a result of increased dietary intake during television viewing, eating foods that are highly advertised at other times, or lack of physical activity. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were (1) to determine the extent of screen time and eating during screen time, and the correlation between these two different exposures, (2) to compare food and nutrient consumption of on- versus off-screen eating occasions, and (3) to determine whether screen time and eating during screen time is associated with overall dietary intake. Methods: Participants were part of the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (FEChiC},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_99,

title = {Dietary Patterns of Adolescents from the Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study Indicate Poor Dietary Quality.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ángela Martínez },

doi = {10.3390/nu12072083},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-00-00},

urldate = {2020-00-00},

journal = {Nutrients.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Palma Molina X, Ceballos Sanchez X, Fisberg RM. 

 

- Cómo citar: Martínez Arroyo A, Palma Molina X, Ceballos Sanchez X, Fisberg RM. Dietary Patterns of Adolescents from the Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort Study Indicate Poor Dietary Quality. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):2083. doi:10.3390/nu12072083. PMID: 30781781. ISSN: 2072-6643. IF [JCR]: 6.706. Q1 

 -Resumen: Diet during adolescence can have lasting effects on nutritional status, health, and development. We hypothesized that dietary patterns with low-quality nutrition are associated with overweightness. We collected data for 882 Chilean adolescents from the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (mean age: 12 years). Dietary intake was assessed through 24-h recalls and weight status data were obtained during clinical visits. Dietary patterns were obtained through exploratory factor analysis. Multiple logistic regression models were used to examine cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns and overweight (BMI z-score ≥ 1SD). Four dietary patterns were identified: "Breakfast/Light dinner", "Natural foods", "Western", and "Snacking". "Breakfast/Light dinner", "Western", and "Snacking" patterns provided higher energy and excess nutrients (sodium, saturated fat, and added sugar). Moreover, adolescents with higher adherence to "Western" or " Snacking" patterns (third tertile) had higher odds of being classified as overweight (OR = 1.67; 95%CI: 1.103-2.522 and OR = 1.86; 95%CI: 1.235-2.792, respectively) than those with lower adherence (first tertile). "Natural foods" pattern was also associated with overweightness (OR = 1.83; 95%CI: 1.219-2.754). These dietary patterns were associated with overconsumption of nutrients of public health concern. Three of the four main dietary patterns were associated with overweightness. These results highlight the need of prioritizing adolescents on obesity prevention strategies.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_118,

title = {Age at pubertal development in a Hispanic-Latina Female Population: Should the definitions be revisited?},

author = {Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1016/j.jpag.2019.08.008},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {J. Pediatr Adolesc. Gynecol.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Merino PM, Leiva V, Mericq V. 

 

- Cómo citar: Merino PM, Leiva V, Mericq V. Age at pubertal development in a Hispanic-Latina Female Population: Should the definitions be revisited? J. Pediatr Adolesc. Gynecol. 2019;pii: S1083-3188(19)30264-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2019.08.008. PMID: 31445142. ISSN: 1083-3188. IF [JCR]: 2.046. Q3 

 

-Resumen: Study objective: To assess pubertal events in a Hispanic female population and to create normograms of puberty. 

Design: Longitudinal. 

Setting: University facility. 

Participants: Five hundred forty-nine girls from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort study. 

Interventions: Follow-up twice a year beginning at age 6 years. 

Main outcome measures: Breast development, pubic hair development, and age. Breast development (B2, B3, and B4) and pubarche (P2) were determined. Age at menarche was obtained from the adolescents and their mothers. Age and growth velocity at peak height velocity were calculated. Results: In girls, B2, B3, and B4 occur at median ages of 9.2, 10.2, and 10.9 years, respectively. The median age at P2 was 9.7 years. The mean age at peak height velocity and the growth velocity were 10.6 years (SD = 1.1) and 8 cm/y, respectively. The mean age at menarche was 11.9 years (SD = 1.1); only 2.8% (15 /530) of girls experienced menarche after 14 years and 1.9% before 10 years. The mean interval time between B2 and menarche was 2.5 ± 1.0 years. Transient thelarche occurred in 8.6% of girls. 

Conclusion: This longitudinal cohort shows that thelarche occurred 1.2 months later than previously reported in cross-sectional studies. Conversely, we found that pubic hair appeared 12 months earlier and menarche occurred 9 months earlier than previously reported. These findings are important in setting normalcy data and avoiding unnecessary clinical consultations.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_128,

title = {An 11-country study to benchmark the implementation of recommended nutrition policies by national governments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index, 2015-2018.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1111/obr.12819},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Obes. Rev.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Vandevijvere S, Barquera S, Caceres G, Karupaiah T, Kroker-Lobos MF, L'Abbé M, Ng SH, Phulkerd S, Ramirez-Zea M, Rebello SA, Sacks G, Sánchez Nóchez CM, Sanchez K, Sanders D, Spires M, Swart R, Tangcharoensathien V, Tay Z, Taylor A, Tolentino-Mayo, Van Dam R, Vanderlee L, Watson F, Whitton C, Swinburn B. 

 

- Cómo citar: Vandevijvere S, Barquera S, Caceres G, Karupaiah T, Kroker-Lobos MF, L'Abbé M, Ng SH, Phulkerd S, Ramirez-Zea M, Rebello SA, Sacks G, Sánchez Nóchez CM, Sanchez K, Sanders D, Spires M, Swart R, Tangcharoensathien V, Tay Z, Taylor A, Tolentino-Mayo, Van Dam R, Vanderlee L, Watson F, Whitton C, Swinburn B. An 11-country study to benchmark the implementation of recommended nutrition policies by national governments using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index, 2015-2018. Obes. Rev. 2019;20(S2):57-66. doi: 10.1111/obr.12819. PMID: 30609260. ISSN: 1467-7881. IF [JCR]: 10.867. Q1 

 -Resumen: The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) aims to assess the extent of implementation of recommended food environment policies by governments compared with international best practices and prioritize actions to fill implementation gaps. The Food-EPI was applied in 11 countries across six regions (2015-2018). National public health nutrition panels (n = 11-101 experts) rated the extent of implementation of 47 policy and infrastructure support good practice indicators by their government(s) against best practices, using an evidence document verified by government officials. Experts identified and prioritized actions to address implementation gaps. The proportion of indicators at “very low if any,” “low,” “medium,” and “high” implementation, overall Food-EPI scores, and priority action areas were compared across countries. Inter-rater reliability was good (GwetAC2 = 0.6-0.8). Chile had the highest proportion of policies (13%) rated at “high” implementation, while Guatemala had the highest proportion of policies (83%) rated at “very low if any” implementation. The overall Food-EPI score was “medium” for Australia, England, Chile, and Singapore, while “very low if any” for Guatemala. Policy areas most frequently prioritized included taxes on unhealthy foods, restricting unhealthy food promotion and front-of-pack labelling. The Food-EPI was found to be a robust tool and process to benchmark governments' progress to create healthy food environments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_124,

title = {Anticipatory effects of the implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on food and beverage product reformulation.},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1111/obr.12870},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Obes. Rev.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Kanter R, Vandevijvere S, Swinburn B. 

 

- Cómo citar: Kanter R, Vandevijvere S, Swinburn B. Anticipatory effects of the implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising on food and beverage product reformulation. Obes. Rev. 2019;20(S2):129-140. doi: 10.1111/obr.12870. PMID: 31245920. ISSN: 1467-7881. IF [JCR]: 10.867. Q1 

 -Resumen: This study evaluated the anticipated food and beverage product reformulation by industry before the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising (Law 20.606) was implemented in June 2016 requiring a front-of-package (FOP) warning label for products high in sodium, total sugars, saturated fats, and/or total energy. Fieldworkers photographed a purposive sample of packaged food and beverage products in February 2015 (n = 5421) and February 2016 (n = 5479) from six different supermarkets in Santiago, Chile. The same products collected in both years (n = 2086) from 17 food and beverage categories with added critical nutrients (nutrients of concern: sodium, total sugars, and saturated fats) were included in this longitudinal study. The average change in energy and critical nutrient content was estimated by category. The number of warning labels potentially avoided because of reformulation was determined. Between February 2015 and February 2016, no category experienced reductions >5% average change in energy or critical nutrient content; and some increased in critical nutrient content. Few products (<2%) would have avoided at least one warning label with reformulation. In a diverse sample of food and beverage products, there was minimal reformulation by industry in anticipation of the implementation of the 2016 Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_125,

title = {Demographic, social and health–related variables that predict normal-weight preschool children having overweight or obesity when entering primary education in Chile.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.3390/nu11061277},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Nutrients.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Kain J, Leyton B, Baur L, Lira M. 

 

- Cómo citar: Kain J, Leyton B, Baur L, Lira M. Demographic, social and health–related variables that predict normal-weight preschool children having overweight or obesity when entering primary education in Chile. Nutrients. 2019;11(6). pii: E1277. doi: 10.3390/nu11061277. PMID: 31195698 / PMCID: PMC6627860. ISSN: 2072-6643. IF [JCR]: 6.706. Q1 

 

-Resumen: We determined which variables are predictive of normal-weight (N) Chilean 4-year-olds developing overweight/obesity when entering primary school. This study used national data of preschoolers (PK, age 4) in 2011 through 2015, and the same children in the first grade (1st G, age 6) in 2013 through 2017. We formed longitudinal cohorts considering PK as the baseline and 1st G as the follow-up and included anthropometric, socio-demographic, and health variables in PK and anthropometry in the 1st G. We report the percentage N who remained N at follow-up (N-N) or gained excessive weight (N-OW) and (N-OB), by sex. We ran univariate logistic regressions to determine for each variable, its association with gaining excessive weight (N-OW + OB), incorporating significant variables (p < 0.001) in multivariate logistic regression. A total of 483,509 (251,150 girls) of PK had anthropometry in the 1st G. In PK, 22% of the children were obese; in the 1st G (24.8% and 19.7% in boys and girls, respectively). Of normal-weight children, 30% developed OW + OB. The predictive variables were: Being born macrosomic, attending a very vulnerable school, being indigenous, the mother’s low schooling, and the child being cared for by the grandmother after school. In this study, the factors predicting that normal-weight preschoolers gain excessive weight gain in a short period of time are mostly related to poverty. Prevention should focus on this population.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeys,

title = {Development of the Chilean front-of-package food warning label.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and María Luisa Garmendia and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1186/s12889-019-7118-1},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {BMC Public Health.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Olivares S, Aqueveque C, Zacarías I. 

 

- Cómo citar: Olivares S, Aqueveque C, Zacarías I. Development of the Chilean front-of-package food warning label. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):906. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7118-1. PMID: 31286910 / PMCID: PMC6615240. ISSN: 1471-2458. IF [JCR]: 3.295. Q2 

 

- Resumen: Background: Front-of package (FoP) nutrition labels are an option to guide consumer's decision at the point of food purchase. Chile was the first country worldwide to implement a FoP warning label and thereafter several countries have followed this model. The objective of this study is to describe the process of development of the Chilean FoP warning label. 

Methods: A stepwise study was conducted including literature review, qualitative phase (lay audience & expert group meetings) and quantitative phase in women/adolescents from low-middle-socioeconomic status neighborhoods, Santiago, Chile (2 sub-studies, using point-of-sale questionnaires). Outcomes were prototype visualization, ease of understanding, and ability to modify purchase behavior. 

Results: The literature review and qualitative phase provided information on general text (e.g. short wording) and design characteristics (e.g. use of a logo, use of red or black colors); based on these characteristics 15 prototypes were created and quantitatively tested. In the first survey, a black-&-white stop sign and a black-&-white hand were preselected; in the second survey, the stop sign stating 'Excess of <nutrient>' had significantly better performance than the hand in terms of visualization, intention to purchase, and ability to modify intended purchase. Due to legal reasons the "excess of" was replaced by "high-in" in the final implementation of the law. 

Conclusions: A simple black-&-white stop sign warning label was the best option to flag pre-packaged foods with an excess of energy or nutrients of concern for non-communicable diseases; this FoP warning label was implemented in Chile in June 2016 as part of the Chilean Food Labeling and Marketing Law.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_120,

title = {Dietary Intake by Food Source and Eating Location in Low- and Middle-Income Chilean Preschool Children and Adolescents from Southeast Santiago.},

author = {Natalia Rebolledo and Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.3390/nu11071695},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Nutrients.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Popkin B, Smith Taillie L. 

 

- Cómo citar: Rebolledo N, Reyes M, Corvalán C, Popkin B, Smith Taillie L. Dietary Intake by Food Source and Eating Location in Low- and Middle-Income Chilean Preschool Children and Adolescents from Southeast Santiago. Nutrients. 2019;11(7):1695. doi: 10.3390/nu11071695. PMID: 31340559 / PMCID: PMC6683044. ISSN: 2072-6643. IF [JCR]: 6.706. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Background: Food source and eating location are important factors associated with the quality of dietary intake. In Chile the main food sources and eating locations of preschool children and adolescents and how these relate to dietary quality are unknown. Methods: We analyzed 24 h dietary recalls collected in 2016 from low- and middle-income Chilean preschool children (3-6 years},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_116,

title = {Dynamics of the Double Burden of Malnutrition and the Changing Nutrition Reality.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32497-3},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Lancet.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Popkin B, Grummer-Strawn L. 

 

- Cómo citar: Popkin B, Grummer-Strawn L. Dynamics of the Double Burden of Malnutrition and the Changing Nutrition Reality. Lancet. 2019;395(10217):65-74. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32497-3. PMID: 31852602 ISSN: 0140-6736. IF [JCR]: 202.731. Q1 

 

-Resumen: The double burden of malnutrition (DBM), defined as the simultaneous manifestation of both undernutrition and overweight and obesity, affects most low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). This Series paper describes the dynamics of the DBM in LMICs and how it differs by socioeconomic level. This Series paper shows that the DBM has increased in the poorest LMICs, mainly due to overweight and obesity increases. Indonesia is the largest country with a severe DBM, but many other Asian and sub-Saharan African countries also face this problem. We also discuss that overweight increases are mainly due to very rapid changes in the food system, particularly the availability of cheap ultra-processed food and beverages in LMICs, and major reductions in physical activity at work, transportation, home, and even leisure due to introductions of activity-saving technologies. Understanding that the lowest income LMICs face severe levels of the DBM and that the major direct cause is rapid increases in overweight allows identifying selected crucial drivers and possible options for addressing the DBM at all levels.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_117,

title = {Environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility for breast cancer: a framework for prevention research.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira and Rosario Toro },

doi = {10.1186/s13058-019-1168-2},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Breast Cancer Res.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Terry MB, Michels KB, Brody JG, Byrne C, Chen S, Jerry DJ, Malecki KMC, Martin MB, Miller RL, Neuhausen SL, Silk K, Trentham-Dietz A, McDonald J, Oskar S, Knight J, Cai X, Rising C, Afanaseva D, Mullis M, Berry M, Bird J, Bradfield C, Gangnon R, Gould M, Hampton J, Lindberg S, Luongo S, Malecki K, Rolland B, Shull J, Gaudet M, Thornquist M, Aupperlee M, Haslam S, Hoshyar R, Kariagina A, Lopes J, Miller K, Morozova O, Newkirk C, Schwartz R, Thomas B, Totzkay D, Xie F, Silk K, Biro F, Fassler C, Giannini C, Pinney S, Troester M, Burke K, Herbstman J, Kehm R, Lilge L, Miller R, Perera F, Sahay D, Tehranifar P, Terry MB, Walker D, Zeinomar N, de Hoz M, Shepard P, Binder A, Michels K, Bessonneau V, Brody J, De La Rosa V, Ohayon J, Rudel R, et al. 

 

- Cómo citar: Terry MB, Michels KB, Brody JG, Byrne C, Chen S, Jerry DJ, Malecki KMC, Martin MB, Miller RL, Neuhausen SL, Silk K, Trentham-Dietz A, McDonald J, Oskar S, Knight J, Toro-Campos R, Cai X, Rising C, Afanaseva D, Mullis M, Berry M, Bird J, Bradfield C, Gangnon R, Gould M, Hampton J, Lindberg S, Luongo S, Malecki K, Rolland B, Shull J, Gaudet M, Thornquist M, Aupperlee M, Haslam S, Hoshyar R, Kariagina A, Lopes J, Miller K, Morozova O, Newkirk C, Schwartz R, Thomas B, Totzkay D, Xie F, Silk K, Biro F, Fassler C, Giannini C, Pinney S, Troester M, Burke K, Herbstman J, Kehm R, Lilge L, Miller R, Perera F, Sahay D, Tehranifar P, Terry MB, Walker D, Zeinomar N, de Hoz M, Shepard P, Binder A, Michels K, Bessonneau V, Brody J, De La Rosa V, Ohayon J, Rudel R, et al. Environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility for breast cancer: a framework for prevention research. Breast Cancer Res. 2019;21(1):96. doi: 10.1186/s13058-019-1168-2. PMID: 31429809 / PMCID: PMC6701090. ISSN: 1465-5411. IF [JCR]: 8.408. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Background: The long time from exposure to potentially harmful chemicals until breast cancer occurrence poses challenges for designing etiologic studies and for implementing successful prevention programs. Growing evidence from animal and human studies indicates that distinct time periods of heightened susceptibility to endocrine disruptors exist throughout the life course. The influence of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk may be greater during several windows of susceptibility (WOS) in a woman’s life, including prenatal development, puberty, pregnancy, and the menopausal transition. These time windows are considered as specific periods of susceptibility for breast cancer because significant structural and functional changes occur in the mammary gland, as well as alterations in the mammary micro-environment and hormone signaling that may influence risk. Breast cancer research focused on these breast cancer WOS will accelerate understanding of disease etiology and prevention. 

Main text: Despite the plausible heightened mechanistic influences of environmental chemicals on breast cancer risk during time periods of change in the mammary gland’s structure and function, most human studies of environmental chemicals are not focused on specific WOS. This article reviews studies conducted over the past few decades that have specifically addressed the effect of environmental chemicals and metals on breast cancer risk during at least one of these WOS. In addition to summarizing the broader evidence-base specific to WOS, we include discussion of the NIH-funded Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program (BCERP) which included population-based and basic science research focused on specific WOS to evaluate associations between breast cancer risk and particular classes of endocrine-disrupting chemicals—including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, perfluorinated compounds, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and phenols—and metals. We outline ways in which ongoing transdisciplinary BCERP projects incorporate animal research and human epidemiologic studies in close partnership with community organizations and communication scientists to identify research priorities and effectively translate evidence-based findings to the public and policy makers. Conclusions: An integrative model of breast cancer research is needed to determine the impact and mechanisms of action of endocrine disruptors at different WOS. By focusing on environmental chemical exposure during specific WOS, scientists and their community partners may identify when prevention efforts are likely to be most effective.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_126,

title = {Global benchmarking of children's exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages across 22 countries.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {doi: 10.1111/obr.12840.},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Obes. Rev.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Kelly B, Vandevijvere S, Ng S, Adams J, Allemandi L, Bahena‐Espina L, Barquera S, Boyland E, Calleja P, Carmona‐Garcés IC, Castronuovo L, Cauchi D, Correa T, Cosenza‐Quintana EL, Fernández‐Escobar C, González‐Zapata LI, Halford J, Jaichuen N, Jensen ML, Karupaiah T, Kaur A, Kroker‐Lobos MF, Mchiza Z, Miklavec K, Parker W, Potvin M, Pravst KI, Ramírez‐Zea M, Reiff S, Royo‐Bordonada MA, Rueangsom P, Scarborough P, Tiscornia MV, Tolentino‐Mayo L, Wate J, White M, Zamora‐Corrales I, Zeng L, Swinburn B. 

 

- Cómo citar: Kelly B, Vandevijvere S, Ng S, Adams J, Allemandi L, Bahena‐Espina L, Barquera S, Boyland E, Calleja P, Carmona‐Garcés IC, Castronuovo L, Cauchi D, Correa T, Cosenza‐Quintana EL, Fernández‐Escobar C, González‐Zapata LI, Halford J, Jaichuen N, Jensen ML, Karupaiah T, Kaur A, Kroker‐Lobos MF, Mchiza Z, Miklavec K, Parker W, Potvin M, Pravst KI, Ramírez‐Zea M, Reiff S, Royo‐Bordonada MA, Rueangsom P, Scarborough P, Tiscornia MV, Tolentino‐Mayo L, Wate J, White M, Zamora‐Corrales I, Zeng L, Swinburn B. Global benchmarking of children's exposure to television advertising of unhealthy foods and beverages across 22 countries. Obes. Rev. 2019;20(S2):116-128. doi: 10.1111/obr.12840. PMID: 30977265. ISSN: 1467-7881. IF [JCR]: 10.867. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty-two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not-permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average, there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not be permitted than for permitted foods/beverages. The frequency of food/beverages advertisements that should not be permitted per hour was higher during peak viewing times compared with other times (P < 0.001). During peak viewing times, food and beverage advertisements that should not be permitted were higher in countries with industry self-regulatory programmes for responsible advertising compared with countries with no policies. Globally, children are exposed to a large volume of television advertisements for unhealthy foods and beverages, despite the implementation of food industry programmes. Governments should enact regulation to protect children from television advertising of unhealthy products that undermine their health.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_113,

title = {High DHEAS Level in Girls Is Associated with Earlier Pubertal Maturation and Mild Increase in Androgens throughout Puberty without Affecting Postmenarche Ovarian Morphology.},

author = {Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1159/000506632},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Horm. Res. Paediatr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Merino P.M, Iñiguez G, Mericq V. 

 

- Cómo citar: Merino P.M, Iñiguez G, Mericq V. High DHEAS Level in Girls Is Associated with Earlier Pubertal Maturation and Mild Increase in Androgens throughout Puberty without Affecting Postmenarche Ovarian Morphology. Horm. Res. Paediatr. 2019;92:357–364. doi: 10.1159/000506632. PMID: 32259819. ISSN: 1663-2818. IF [JCR]: 4.275. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Objective: To assess whether the presence of high DHEAS (HD) at 7 years determines different timing, sequence, and rate of pubertal events, and whether it is associated with adrenal and/or ovarian hyperandrogenism and changes in ovarian morphology throughout puberty. 

Methods: In a longitudinal study of 504 girls, clinical evaluation was performed every 6 months after 7 years of age to detect Tanner stages; hormonal and anthropometric measurements were conducted at thelarche (B2), breast Tanner 4 (B4), and 1 year after menarche; ultrasonographic evaluation was also performed after menarche. The girls were classified as HD if their DHEAS level was >42.1 µg/dL (>75th percentile) around 7 years. 

Results: HD around 7 years is associated with a younger age at thelarche, pubarche, and menarche. Girls with HD had higher androstenedione and total testosterone levels, and a higher free androgen index (FAI), and lower levels of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) at B2, and higher levels of androstenedione and FAI at B4 and after menarche. All these results were significant even after adjusting for body mass index, age at first DHEAS determination, and birth weight. One year after menarche, polycystic ovarian morphology was detected in 7.6 and 7.3% of the HD and the normal DHEAS group, respectively. Ovarian volume was correlated with AMH, testosterone, androstenedione, and LH but not with DHEAS around 7 years. 

Conclusion: Prepubertal HD in normal girls was associated with earlier thelarche, pubarche, and menarche, and a mild androgen increase throughout puberty. We believe continuous follow-up of this cohort is important to prospectively address the interrelationships between biochemical adrenarche and early growth as determinants of ovarian function.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_129,

title = {Precocious pubertal events in Chilean children: ethnic disparities.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira},

doi = {10.1007/s40618-018-0927-8},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {J. Endocrinol. Invest.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Fernández M, Mericq V. 

 

- Cómo citar: Fernández M, Mericq V. Precocious pubertal events in Chilean children: ethnic disparities. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 2019;42(4):385-395. doi: 10.1007/s40618-018-0927-8. PMID: 30047066. ISSN: 0391-4097. IF [JCR]: 5.467. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Purpose: Puberty onset exhibits remarkable inter-individual and ethnic differences. 5% of Chileans are indigenous but puberty ethnic disparities have not been studied. We aim for evaluating precocious puberty prevalence in children with Mapuche ancestry vs non-indigenous Chilean children (according to their surnames). Methods: Longitudinal cohort study: 1003 children (50.2% girls) participating in the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study (GOCS) were studied. Annual anthropometry was measured since 4-7 years. Subsequently, Tanner staging and anthropometry were measured every 6 months. In girls, Tanner stage was assessed by breast palpation and in boys by testicular volume measurements. The cohort was stratified in three groups depending on Mapuche surname numbers as follows: (A) no indigenous surnames (n = 811), (B) one to two indigenous surnames (n = 147), and (C) three or more indigenous surnames (n = 45). We evaluated the prevalence of precocious thelarche, pubarche, menarche and gonadarche (testicular volume ≥ 4 ml-G2), using a cutoff age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys while controlling for socioeconomic status, body mass index, waist circumference, IGF-1 and DHEAS at 7 years. Results: In girls, no significant differences were observed. On the contrary, in boys, precocious gonadarche prevalence was higher in group C (29.2%) vs group A (6.0%) and vs group B (10.5%) (p =0.001},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_111,

title = {Structural responses to the obesity and non-communicable diseases epidemic: Update on the Chilean law of food labelling and advertising.},

author = {María Luisa Garmendia and Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1111/obr.12802},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Obes. Rev.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Uauy R. 

 

- Cómo citar: Uauy R. Structural responses to the obesity and non-communicable diseases epidemic: Update on the Chilean law of food labelling and advertising. Obes. Rev. 2019; 20(3):367-374. doi: 10.1111/obr.12802. PMID: 30549191. ISSN: 1467-7881. IF [JCR]: 10.867. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Chile approved the law of food labelling and advertising in 2012; this law aims to address the obesity epidemic, particularly in children. The implementation details were published in 2015, and the law was implemented finally in 2016, as described in the current article. Regulated foods were defined based on a specially developed nutrient profiling, which considered natural foods as gold standard. For liquid foods, amounts of energy, sugars, saturated fats, and sodium in 100 mL of cow's milk were used as cut-offs. For solid foods, values within the 90th - 99th percentile range for energy and critical nutrients were selected as cut-off within a list of natural foods. A stop sign stating “High in <nutrient>” was chosen as warning label for packaged regulated foods. Regulated foods were also forbidden to be sold or offered for free at kiosks, cafeterias, and feeding programme at schools and nurseries. Besides, regulated foods cannot be promoted to children under 14 years. A staggered implementation of the regulation was decided, with nutrients cut-offs becoming increasingly stricter over a 3-year period. These regulatory efforts are in the right direction but will have to be sustained and complemented with other actions to achieve their ultimate impact of halting the obesity epidemic.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyq,

title = {Prevalence of child-directed marketing on breakfast cereal packages before and after Chile’s food marketing law: A pre-post quantitative content analysis.},

author = {Fernanda Mediano and Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.3390/ijerph16224501},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Smith TL, Correa T, Carpentier FRD. 

 - Cómo citar: Mediano Stoltze F, Smith TL, Correa T, Carpentier FRD. Prevalence of child-directed marketing on breakfast cereal packages before and after Chile’s food marketing law: A pre-post quantitative content analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019;16(22). pii: E4501. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224501. PMID: 31731577. ISSN: 1660-4601. IF [JCR]: 3.390. Q1 - Resumen: Food marketing has been identified as a contributing factor in childhood obesity, prompting global health organizations to recommend restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children. Chile has responded to this recommendation with a restriction on child-directed marketing for products that exceed certain regulation-defined thresholds in sugars, saturated fats, sodium, or calories. Child-directed strategies are allowed for products that do not exceed these thresholds. To evaluate changes in marketing due to this restriction, we examined differences in the use of child-directed strategies on breakfast cereal packages that exceeded the defined thresholds vs. those that did not exceed the thresholds before (n = 168) and after (n = 153) the restriction was implemented. Photographs of cereal packages were taken from top supermarket chains in Santiago. Photographed cereals were classified as “high-in” if they exceeded any nutrient threshold described in the regulation. We found that the percentage of all cereal packages using child-directed strategies before implementation (36%) was significantly lower after implementation (21%), p < 0.05. This overall decrease is due to the decrease we found in the percentage of “high-in” cereals using child-directed strategies after implementation (43% before implementation, 15% after implementation), p < 0.05. In contrast, a greater percentage of packages that did not qualify as “high-in” used child-directed strategies after implementation (30%) compared with before implementation (8%), p < 0.05. The results suggest that the Chilean food marketing regulation can be effective at reducing the use of child-directed marketing for unhealthy food products.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_130,

title = {Role of the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism on the sequence of pubertal events and adiposity in girls with high dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.},

author = {Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1016/j.jpag.2018.11.012},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {J. Pediatr Adolesc. Gynecol.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Lardone MC, Castro A, Ortíz E, Mericq V. 

 

- Cómo citar: Lardone MC, Castro A, Ortíz E, Mericq V. Role of the androgen receptor gene CAG repeat polymorphism on the sequence of pubertal events and adiposity in girls with high dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. J. Pediatr Adolesc. Gynecol. 2019;32(3):271-277. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2018.11.012. PMID: 30550874. ISSN: 1083-3188. IF [JCR]: 2.046. Q3 

 

-Resumen: Study objective: The androgen receptor (AR) harbors a variable repeat number of glutamine residues codified by (CAG)n, which seems to inversely affect AR transcriptional activity. We assessed whether (CAG)n affects the sequence of the androgen-sensitive pubertal events and body composition in prepubertal girls. Design, setting, participants, and interventions: Nested case-control study within the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study of 1196 low-middle income children (approximately 50% girls) from a university clinic in Santiago, Chile. Cases were girls with high dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS; >42 μg/dL; HD) at age 7.0 (±0.4) years (n = 58). On follow-up, 32 of them had thelarche (TB2) before the age of pubarche (PH2) and 26 had PH2 before the age of TB2. As controls, 107 age-matched girls with normal DHEAS (≤42 μg/dL; ND) were selected. 

Main outcome measures: Methylation-weighted mean (CAG)n (mw[CAG]n) was calculated through X-chromosome methylation-sensitive enzyme restriction and polymerase chain reaction followed by automated capillary electrophoresis in peripheral blood DNA. Results: Girls with HD and PH2 before the age of TB2 showed a trend to higher frequency (7/26, 26.9%) of mw(CAG)n <20 compared with ND girls (12/107; 11.2%; P = .087). Accordingly, a direct correlation between age of PH2 and mw(CAG)n was observed in HD (r = 0.352; P = .007) and in ND girls (r = 0.207; P = .033). Moreover, HD girls with mw(CAG)n less than 20 had lower waist circumference and waist/height ratio than HD girls with mw(CAG)n from 20 to less than 25 (P = .027 and P = .012, respectively) at age of DHEAS determination. 

Conclusion: Our results suggest that a greater transcriptional activity of the AR, given by short number of CAG repeats, might favor the onset of pubarche and reduce central adiposity in prepubertal girls with HD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyt,

title = {Responses to the Chilean law of food labeling and advertising: exploring knowledge, perceptions and behaviors of mothers of young children.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1186/s12966-019-0781-x},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Correa T, Fierro C, Dillman Carpentier FR, Smith-Taillie L. 

 

- Cómo citar: Correa T, Fierro C, Dillman Carpentier FR, Smith-Taillie L. Responses to the Chilean law of food labeling and advertising: exploring knowledge, perceptions and behaviors of mothers of young children. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2019;16(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12966-019-0781-x. PMID: 30760273. PMCID: PMC6375144. ISSN: 1479-5868. IF [JCR]: 6.457. Q1 

 

- Resumen: Background: In line with calls for action from international health organizations, Chile implemented in June 2016 a set of regulations to tackle the obesity epidemic. The new regulation includes the mandatory use of front-of-package warning labels on packaged foods/beverages high in energy, sugars, saturated fats and sodium. Additionally, such foods cannot be sold nor offered in daycares/schools and cannot be promoted to children under 14yo. The law is targeted to children; thus, this study examined mothers' understanding, perceptions, and behaviors associated with the regulation one year after its implementation, using a qualitative approach. 

Methods: Nine focus groups of mothers (7-10 people each) of children (2-14yo) were conducted in July 2017 in Santiago-Chile. They were stratified by socioeconomic status (SES) and children's age. Macrocodes were developed by three researchers, combining an iterative process of deductive and inductive thematic analyses. Quotations representing each category were selected. 

Results: Mothers understood the new regulation as a policy to fight child obesity and were aware that products with more labels were less healthy than products with fewer labels. Attention and use of labels in the buying decision-making process ranged from participants who did not pay attention to others who relied on them as a quick shortcut (mostly from middle and upper-SES); many mothers indicated changing their purchase habits only when buying new products. Mothers declared that young children accepted school environment changes while teens/preteens resisted them more. Many mothers agreed that schools have become key promoters of food behavioral change. Mothers were less aware about the food marketing regulations. Mothers declared that they perceived that the regulation was changing the perceptions, attitudes and behaviors toward healthier eating patterns. 

Conclusion: After the first year of implementation, the regulation was well known by mothers of diverse SES and different children ages. The degree of use of warning labels was heterogeneous among participants, but most of them agreed that their children, particularly the youngest have positive attitudes toward the regulation and have become promoters of change in their families. Many mothers also expressed that they perceived an important shift toward healthier eating, which may lead to a change in eating social norms. This information contributes to better understand how regulatory actions may influence people's consumer behaviors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_115,

title = {Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1038/s41591-019-0644-7},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Nat. Med.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Miranda J, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Hyder A, Lazo-Porras M, Oni T, Wells JCK. 

 

- Cómo citar: Miranda J, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Hyder A, Lazo-Porras M, Oni T, Wells JCK. Understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries. Nat. Med. 2019;25(11):1667-1679. doi: 10.1038/s41591-019-0644-7. PMID: 31700182. ISSN: 1078-8956. IF [JCR]: 87.241. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Increases in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), particularly cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes, and their major risk factors have not been uniform across settings: for example, cardiovascular disease mortality has declined over recent decades in high-income countries but increased in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The factors contributing to this rise are varied and are influenced by environmental, social, political and commercial determinants of health, among other factors. This Review focuses on understanding the rise of cardiometabolic diseases in LMICs, with particular emphasis on obesity and its drivers, together with broader environmental and macro determinants of health, as well as LMIC-based responses to counteract cardiometabolic diseases.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_122,

title = {Snacking patterns among Chilean children and adolescents: is there potential for improvement?},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1017/S1368980019000971},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-00-00},

urldate = {2019-00-00},

journal = {Public Health Nutr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Jensen ML, Popkin BM, Taillie LS. 

 

- Cómo citar: Jensen ML, Popkin BM, Taillie LS. Snacking patterns among Chilean children and adolescents: is there potential for improvement? Public Health Nutr. 2019;26(10):1017-23. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019000971. PMID: 31124768. ISSN: 1368-9800. IF [JCR]: 4.539. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Objective: To examine snacking patterns, food sources and nutrient profiles of snacks in low- and middle-income Chilean children and adolescents. 

Design: Cross-sectional. Dietary data were collected via 24 h food recalls. We determined the proportion of snackers, snacks per day and energy from top food and beverage groups consumed. We compared the nutrient profile (energy, sodium, total sugars and saturated fat) of snacks v. meals. 

Setting: South-east region of Chile. 

Participants: Children and adolescents from two cohorts: the Food Environment Chilean Cohort (n 958, 4-6 years old) and the Growth and Obesity Cohort Study (n 752, 12-14 years old). 

Results: With a mean of 2·30 (se 0·03) snacks consumed daily, 95·2 % of children and 89·9 % of adolescents reported at least one snacking event. Snacks contributed on average 1506 kJ/d (360 kcal/d) in snacking children and 2218 kJ/d (530 kcal/d) in snacking adolescents (29·0 and 27·4 % daily energy contribution, respectively). Grain-based desserts, salty snacks, other sweets and desserts, dairy foods and cereal-based foods contributed the most energy from snacks in the overall sample. For meals, cereal-based foods, dairy beverages, meat and meat substitutes, oils and fats, and fruits and vegetables were the top energy contributors. 

Conclusions: Widespread snacking among Chilean youth provides over a quarter of their daily energy and includes foods generally considered high in energy, saturated fat, sodium and/or total sugars. Future research should explore whether snacking behaviours change as the result of Chile's national regulations on food marketing, labelling and school environments.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_143,

title = {Childhood and adolescent phenol and phthalate exposure and the age of menarche in Latina girls.},

author = {Ana Pereira and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1186/s12940-018-0376-z},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Environ. Health.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Binder AM, Calafat AM, Ye X, Mericq V, Michels KB. 

 

- Cómo citar: Binder AM, Calafat AM, Ye X, Mericq V, Michels KB. Childhood and adolescent phenol and phthalate exposure and the age of menarche in Latina girls. Environ. Health. 2018;17(1):32. doi: 10.1186/s12940-018-0376-z. PMID: 29615064. PMCID: PMC5883544. ISSN: 1476-069X. IF [JCR]: 7.158. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Background: The age of menarche has been associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease, as well as cancer risk. The decline in menarcheal age over the past century may be partially attributable to increased exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). 

Methods: We assessed the influence of 26 phenol and phthalate biomarkers on the timing of menarche in a longitudinal cohort of Chilean girls. These EDCs were quantified in urine collected prior to the onset of breast development (Tanner 1; B1), and during adolescence (Tanner 4; B4). Multivariable accelerated failure time (AFT) models were used to analyze associations between biomarker concentrations and the age of menarche adjusting for body mass index (BMI) Z-score and maternal education, accounting for within-subject correlation. 

Results: Several biomarkers were significantly associated with the age at menarche; however, these associations were dependent on the timing of biomarker assessment. A log(ng/ml) increase in B1 concentrations of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate biomarkers was associated with later menarche (hazard ratio (HR): 0.77; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.98), whereas higher B1 concentrations of 2,5-dichlorophenol and benzophenone-3 were associated with earlier menarche (HR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.27; HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.29, respectively). Elevated B4 concentrations of monomethyl phthalate were similarly associated with earlier menarche (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.53). The impact of monoethyl phthalate and triclosan concentrations on pubertal timing were significantly modified by BMI Z-score. Higher monoethyl phthalate and triclosan concentrations were associated with earlier menarche among overweight or obese girls, but not among those that were normal weight. 

Conclusions: This study identifies modulation of sexual maturation by specific EDC biomarkers in Latina girls.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokeyu,

title = {Chile's 2014 sugar-sweetened beverage tax and changes in prices and purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages: An observational study in an urban environment.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1002597},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {PLoS Med.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Caro JC, Silva A, Popkin B, Smith-Taillie L. 

 

- Cómo citar: Caro JC, Silva A, Popkin B, Smith-Taillie L. Chile's 2014 sugar-sweetened beverage tax and changes in prices and purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages: An observational study in an urban environment. PLoS Med. 2018;15(7):e1002597. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002597. PMID: 29969444. PMCID: PMC6029755. ISSN: 1549-1277. IF [JCR]: 11.069. Q1 

 

- Resumen: Background: On October 1, 2014, the Chilean government modified its previous sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax, increasing the tax rate from 13% to 18% on industrialized beverages with high levels of sugar (H-SSBs) (greater than 6.25 grams [g] sugar/100 milliliters [mL]) and decreasing the tax rate from 13% to 10% on industrialized beverages with low or no sugar (L-SSBs) (less than 6.25 g sugar/100 mL). This study examines changes in beverage prices and household beverage purchases following the implementation of the tax reform. 

Methods and findings: We used longitudinal data collected between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2015, from 2,000 households. We defined the pretax period as January 1, 2013, to September 30, 2014, and the posttax period as October 1, 2014, to December 31, 2015. We conducted a pre-post analysis for changes in prices and purchases, with the latter examined by volume and calories. We compared posttax changes in prices and purchases to a counterfactual, defined as what would have been expected in the posttax period based on pretax trends. All results are stated as comparisons to this counterfactual. We linked beverages at the bar code level to nutrition facts panel data collected by a team of Chilean nutritionists who categorized them by taxation level and beverage subcategory, which included carbonated and noncarbonated H-SSBs and concentrated, ready-to-drink L-SSBs and untaxed beverages. We reconstituted concentrated beverages and analyzed all beverages using as-consumed volumes and calories. Posttax monthly prices of H-SSBs increased, but these changes were small. Prices of carbonated H-SSBs increased by 2.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0%-3.0%), while those of noncarbonated H-SSBs increased by 3.9% (95% CI 1.6%-6.2%). Prices of L-SSB concentrates decreased after the tax by 6.7% (95% CI -8.2%--4.6%), and prices of ready-to-drink L-SSBs increased by 1.5% (95% CI 0.3%-2.7%). Households decreased monthly per capita purchases of H-SSBs by 3.4% by volume (95% CI -5.9%--0.9%) and 4.0% by calories (95% CI -6.3%--1.9%), and this change was greater among high socioeconomic status (SES) households. The volume of household purchases of L-SSBs increased 10.7% (95% CI 7.5%-13.9%), while that of untaxed beverage purchases decreased by 3.1% (95% CI -5.1%--1.1%). The main limitation of this study was that there was no control group, so we were unable to assess the causal impact of the tax. 

Conclusions: The modifications of Chile's SSB tax were small, and observed changes in prices and purchases of beverages after the tax were also small. Our results are consistent with previous evidence indicating that small increases in SSB taxes are unlikely to promote large enough changes in SSB purchases to reduce obesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_144,

title = {Effectiveness on maternal and offspring metabolic control of a home-based dietary counseling intervention and DHA supplementation in obese/overweight pregnant women (MIGHT study): A randomized controlled trial-Study protocol.},

author = {María Luisa Garmendia and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.007},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Contemp. Clin. Trials.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Casanello P, Araya M, Flores M, Bravo A, Kusanovic JP, Olmos P, Uauy R. 

 

- Cómo citar: Casanello P, Araya M, Flores M, Bravo A, Kusanovic JP, Olmos P, Uauy R. Effectiveness on maternal and offspring metabolic control of a home-based dietary counseling intervention and DHA supplementation in obese/overweight pregnant women (MIGHT study): A randomized controlled trial-Study protocol. Contemp. Clin. Trials. 2018;70: 35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.007. PMID: 29777864. ISSN: 1551-7144. IF [JCR]: 2.261. Q4 

 

-Resumen: Background: Lifestyle interventions are the primary prevention strategy for gestational diabetes (GDM) in obese/overweight women; however, these interventions have shown limited effectiveness. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) intake has shown beneficial effects on glucose metabolism, lipid fractions and inflammatory factors in women who already have GDM. Combining PUFAs supplementation with a lifestyle intervention could achieve lower increase of glucose levels by improving insulin sensitivity. Our aim is to assess two prenatal nutritional interventions (home-based dietary counseling and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation) delivered to obese/overweight women during pregnancy for them and their offspring to achieve better metabolic control. Methods/design: Randomized controlled trial, 2 × 2 factorial design. Eligible pregnant women will be randomly allocated to one of the four parallel arms: 1) Home-based dietary counseling +800 mg/day DHA supplementation (n = 250); 2) 800 mg/day DHA (n = 250); 3) Home-based dietary counseling +200 mg/day DHA (n = 250); 4) 200 mg/day DHA (n = 250). Primary outcomes are: GDM; macrosomia; and neonatal insulin resistance. Data analyses will be done on an intention-to-treat basis. 

Discussion: We expect the present study to contribute to the understanding of the potential effectiveness of an omega-3 supplementation on the risk of developing GDM in overweight/obese pregnant women. We will also test if the combination of having better dietary habits alongside with omega 3 supplementation will improve insulin sensitivity and as consequence, a lower elevation of glucose levels could be achieved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_148,

title = {Faster ticking rate of the epigenetic clock is associated with faster pubertal development in girls.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira},

doi = {10.1080/15592294.2017.1414127},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Epigenetics.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Binder AM, Mericq V, Santos JL, Horvath S, Shepherd J, Michels KB. 

 

- Cómo citar: Binder AM, Mericq V, Santos JL, Horvath S, Shepherd J, Michels KB. Faster ticking rate of the epigenetic clock is associated with faster pubertal development in girls. Epigenetics. 2018;13(1):85-94. doi: 10.1080/15592294.2017.1414127. PMID: 29235933 PMCID: PMC5836971. ISSN: 1559-2294. IF [JCR]: 4.861. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Epigenetic age is an indicator of biological aging, capturing the impact of environmental and behavioral influences across time on cellular function. Deviance between epigenetic age and chronological age (AgeAccel) is a predictor of health. Pubertal timing has similarly been associated with cancer risk and mortality rate among females. We examined the association between AgeAccel and pubertal timing and adolescent breast composition in the longitudinal Growth and Obesity Cohort Study. AgeAccel was estimated in whole blood using the Horvath method at breast Tanner 2 (B2) and 4 (B4). Total breast volume, absolute fibro-glandular volume (FGV), and %FGV were evaluated at B4 using dual X-ray absorptiometry. The impact of AgeAccel (mean: 0; SD: 3.78) across puberty on the time to breast development (thelarche), menarche, and pubertal tempo (thelarche to menarche) was estimated using accelerated failure time models; generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate associations with breast density. A five-year increase in average adolescent AgeAccel was associated with a significant decrease in time to menarche [hazard ratio (HR): 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.80] adjusting for birth weight, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal height, maternal education, B2 height, fat percentage, and cell composition. AgeAccel displayed a stronger inverse association with pubertal tempo (HR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.99). A five-year increase in AgeAccel was associated with 5% greater %FGV, adjusting for B4 percent body fat, and maternal traits (95% CI: 1.01, 1.10). Our study provides unique insight into the influence of AgeAccel on pubertal development in girls, which may have implications for adult health.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_145,

title = {Female offspring birth weight is associated with Body Mass Index, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome in Latin American women at 10-years postpartum.},

author = {María Luisa Garmendia and Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira and Marcela Reyes},

doi = {10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.029},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Mueller N, Uauy R. 

 

- Cómo citar: Mueller N, Uauy R. Female offspring birth weight is associated with Body Mass Index, waist circumference and metabolic syndrome in Latin American women at 10-years postpartum. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 2018;138:90-98. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.01.029. PMID: 29421309. ISSN: 0168-8227. IF [JCR]: 8.180. Q1 

 

-Resumen: Aims: We aimed to assess whether female offspring birth weight (BW) is associated with anthropometric and metabolic outcomes in Chilean mothers at 10-years postpartum. 

Methods: We assessed data from 396 Chilean mother-daughter pairs participating in the longitudinal Chilean Growth and Obesity Cohort (GOCS) and Determinants of Breast Cancer Risk (DERCAM) studies. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were performed to associate female offspring BW with maternal Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and its components at 10-years postpartum. Results: At 10-years postpartum, 69% of mothers were overweight, 65% had central adiposity and 26% had metabolic syndrome. Adjusted linear regression models showed associations between female offspring BW and (1) maternal BMI (%Δ GM = 4.46; 95% CI 0.25-8.85); and (2) waist circumference (%Δ GM = 3.25; 95% CI 0-6.60). Adjusted logistic regression models showed associations between female offspring BW and (1) maternal metabolic syndrome (OR = 3.48; 95% CI 1.50-8.11); (2) central adiposity (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.08-5.22); and (3) hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 3.19; 95% CI 1.40-7.23). 

Conclusions: Female offspring BW was associated with maternal anthropometric and metabolic outcomes at 10-years postpartum. Our findings add to the emerging evidence that offspring BW might be a potential indicator for future maternal anthropometric and metabolic risks.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_132,

title = {Impact of gaining or maintaining excessive weight in infancy on markers of metabolic homeostasis in young children: A longitudinal study in Chilean children.},

author = {Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.004},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Prev. Med. Rep.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Vasquez F, Uauy R, Kain J. 

 

- Cómo citar: Vasquez F, Uauy R, Kain J. Impact of gaining or maintaining excessive weight in infancy on markers of metabolic homeostasis in young children: A longitudinal study in Chilean children. Prev. Med. Rep. 2018;12:298-303. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.004. PMID: 30406008. PMCID: PMC6214876. ISSN: 2211-3355. IF [JCR]: 2.813. Q3 

 -Resumen: Childhood obesity in Chile is one of the highest in the world. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of excessive weight gained or maintained over a 3-year period, on markers of metabolic homeostasis in young children. This is a longitudinal study which includes 243 children followed from 4 to 7 years. We assessed BMI, body fat percentage, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height (WH) and trunk fat as well as the following metabolic parameters: glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and metabolic risk score. Kruskal- Wallis was used to assess differences in metabolic markers by nutritional status and logistic regression to determine the effect of maintaining or gaining excess weight over the 3-year period, compared with children who maintained a normal weight. Children who were obese at both ages compared with those who were normal weight, had a significantly higher WC, serum concentrations of total fat, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol and metabolic risk score (P < 0.05). Children who were overweight or obese at 4 and 7 years, had a greater risk of having a high WC (OR: 3.37; P = 0.03), total cholesterol (OR: 4.17; P < 0.003), triglycerides (OR: 1.96; P = 0.04); thus a higher metabolic risk score (OR: 3.21; P = 0.003). Excess weight maintained over time in early childhood, significantly increases the risk of having higher serum biomarkers of cardiovascular risk, which in turn determines the magnitude of cardiovascular and metabolic risks later in life.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_137,

title = {Prepubertal and Pubertal Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure and Breast Density among Chilean Adolescents.},

author = {Camila Corvalán and Ana Pereira},

doi = {10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0813},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Binder AM, Calafat AM, Ye X, Shepherd J, Michels KB. 

 

- Cómo citar: Binder AM, Calafat AM, Ye X, Shepherd J, Michels KB. Prepubertal and Pubertal Endocrine-Disrupting Chemical Exposure and Breast Density among Chilean Adolescents. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2018;27(12):1491-1499. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-0813. PMID: 30158279. ISSN: 1055-9965. IF [JCR]: 4.090. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Background: During puberty, mammary tissue undergoes rapid development, which provides a window of heightened susceptibility of breast composition to the influence of endogenous and exogenous hormones. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) may affect breast development and composition and the risk of developing breast cancer in adulthood. 

Methods: We evaluated the associations between breast density and urinary concentrations of phenols and phthalates collected at Tanner 1 (B1) and Tanner 4 (B4) in 200 Chilean girls. Total breast volume (BV), fibroglandular volume (FGV), and percent dense breast (%FGV) were evaluated at B4 using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the association between concentrations of EDC biomarkers across puberty and breast density. 

Results: The geometric mean %FGV was 7% higher among girls in the highest relative to the lowest tertile of monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate [1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.14]. Monoethyl phthalate concentrations at B4 were positively associated with FGV (highest vs. lowest tertile: 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06-1.40). Bisphenol A displayed a U-shaped association with FGV; girls in the middle tertile had at least 10% lower FGV than girls in the lowest or highest tertiles. Monocarboxyisononyl phthalate showed a nonlinear association with BV. No other statistically significant associations were observed. 

Conclusions: Our results suggest that the developing breast tissue is susceptible to select EDCs during childhood and adolescence. 

Impact: This study may spur further investigations into environmental influences on breast development during puberty and how shifts in pubertal breast density track through the life course to modify breast cancer risk.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_140,

title = {Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among Chilean Preschoolers and Adolescents in 2016: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.3390/nu10111767},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Nutrients.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Essman M, Popkin B, Smith-Taillie L. 

 

- Cómo citar: Essman M, Popkin B, Smith-Taillie L. Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake among Chilean Preschoolers and Adolescents in 2016: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Nutrients. 2018;10(11):1767. doi: 10.3390/nu10111767. PMID: 30445671. PMCID: PMC6265687. ISSN: 2072-6643. IF [JCR]: 6.706. Q1 

 -Resumen: Background: Chile has the highest sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) sales of any country and a growing burden of childhood obesity. This study examines SSB intake in Chilean children after a 5% SSB tax increase in 2014 but prior to marketing, labeling, and school policies implemented in 2016. Methods: 24-h recalls were collected in 2016 from two cohorts comprised of preschoolers 3–5 years of age (n = 961) and adolescents 12–14 years of age (n = 770) from low–moderate income neighborhoods. Beverages were categorized as regulated or unregulated according to whether they exceeded nutrient thresholds established by the 2016 policies. Results: Preschoolers consumed mainly beverage calories from regulated dairy beverages and substitutes (109 kcal, SD 30), unregulated dairy beverages (102 kcal, SD 24), and regulated fruit and vegetables drinks (44 kcal, SD 20). For adolescents, the greatest contributions came from regulated sodas (77 kcal, SD 47), regulated dairy beverages and substitutes (41 kcal, SD 16), and unregulated coffee and tea (41 kcal, SD 11). Overall, regulated beverages provided a greater proportion of calories than unregulated for preschoolers (15.0% vs. 11.8%) and for adolescents (9.1% vs. 5.0%). Conclusions: Before major policy implementation, regulated beverages accounted for a higher percentage of energy intake than unregulated beverages among both age groups. Future research will be needed to evaluate the impact of Chile’s new policies on sugary beverage intake in children.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_147,

title = {Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the Chilean diet (2010).},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.1017/S1368980017001161},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Public Health Nutr.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Cediel G, da Costa Louzada ML, Martinez Steele E, Monteiro CA, Uauy R. 

 

- Cómo citar: Cediel G, da Costa Louzada ML, Martinez Steele E, Monteiro CA, Uauy R. Ultra-processed foods and added sugars in the Chilean diet (2010). Public Health Nutr. 2018;21(1):125-133. doi: 10.1017/S1368980017001161. PMID: 28625223. ISSN: 1368-9800. IF [JCR]: 4.539. Q2 

 

-Resumen: Objective: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed foods and analyse its association with the content of added sugars in the Chilean diet. 

Design: Cross-sectional study of national dietary data obtained through 24 h recalls and classified into food groups according to the extent and purpose of food processing (NOVA classification). 

Setting: Chile. 

Subjects: A probabilistic sample of 4920 individuals (aged 2 years or above) studied in 2010 by a national dietary survey (Encuesta Nacional de Consumo Alimentario). Results: Ultra-processed foods represented 28·6 (se 0·5) % of total energy intake and 58·6 (se 0·9) % of added sugars intake. The mean percentage of energy from added sugars increased from 7·7 (se 0·3) to 19·7 (se 0·5) % across quintiles of the dietary share of ultra-processed foods. After adjusting for several potential sociodemographic confounders, a 5 percentage point increase in the dietary share of ultra-processed foods determined a 1 percentage point increase in the dietary content of added sugars. Individuals in the highest quintile were three times more likely (OR=2·9; 95 % CI 2·4, 3·4) to exceed the 10 % upper limit for added sugars recommended by the WHO compared with those in the lowest quintile, after adjusting for sociodemographic variables. This association was strongest among individuals aged 2-19 years (OR=3·9; 95 % CI 2·7, 5·9). 

Conclusions: In Chile, ultra-processed foods are important contributors to total energy intake and to the consumption of added sugars. Actions aimed at limiting consumption of ultra-processed foods are being implemented as effective ways to achieve WHO dietary recommendations to limit added sugars and processed foods, especially for children and adolescents.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey_133,

title = {The Food Supply Prior to the Implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising.},

author = {Marcela Reyes and Camila Corvalán},

doi = {10.3390/nu11010052},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-00-00},

urldate = {2018-00-00},

journal = {Nutrients.},

abstract = {- Otros autores: Kanter R, Swinburn B, Vandevijvere S. 

 

- Cómo citar: Kanter R, Swinburn B, Vandevijvere S. The Food Supply Prior to the Implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising. Nutrients. 2018;11(1): pii: E52. doi: 10.3390/nu11010052. PMID: 3059784. PMCID: PMC6356190. ISSN: 2072-6643. IF [JCR]: 6.706. Q1 

 -Resumen: This study aimed to evaluate the composition of the food supply ahead of the implementation of the Chilean Law of Food Labeling and Advertising (Law 20.606) in June 2016. The INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) Research, Monitoring and Action Support) framework for monitoring the composition of the food supply was used. The Law’s initial (2016) and final (2019) limits were used to evaluate if foods would receive a “High in” warning for Calories, Sodium, Sugars and/or Saturated Fats (initial/final, solids: >350/275 kcal; >800/400 mg; >22.5/10 g; >6/4 g; liquids: >100/70 kcal; >100/100 mg; >6/5 g; >3/3 g respectively). Foods were excluded if they required reconstitution, had missing information or if total labeled energy was estimated as incorrect (n = 942). In February 2015 and 2016, fieldworkers photographed a purposeful sample of packaged food and beverage products (n = 5421 and n = 5479) from 6 different supermarkets in Santiago, Chile. Seven percent of foods had no added critical nutrients (n = 720). Two-thirds of products had critical nutrients exceeding at least one initial limit indicative of a “high in” warning. Under the final phase limits, only 17% of foods would have zero warning labels. By 2019, 10 of the 17 food and beverage categories studied are predicted to have less than half of their products without a high in sodium warning label. While 8 of the 17 categories studied are predicted to have less than half their products without a high in total sugars or a high in total calories warning label, respectively; while even fewer food and beverage categories are predicted to be without a high in saturated fat warning label. Most products will have to be reformulated to avoid at least one front-of-package warning label.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}